Globally, the transportation sector ranks second in emitting greenhouse gases, accounting for just over one-fifth of CO₂ emissions worldwide. In the US, it has become the top emitter of greenhouse gases, surpassing the electric power sector since 2017.

Electrification, a key factor in emissions reduction, extends beyond battery electric vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles offer a versatile alternative. Clean electrons can be sourced from hydrogen production using renewable, nuclear or even fossil energy with carbon capture.

As electrification gains traction, hydrogen will play a vital role, particularly in hard-to-electrify sectors such as long-haul trucking and aviation. Hydrogen’s appeal lies in its fast filling rate, comparable to diesel and shorter than batteries, making it suitable for large vehicles requiring long-range capabilities and quick refueling. Beyond fuel cells, hydrogen can also be used in internal combustion engines.

Whether hydrogen becomes widely adopted is dependent on achieving a market-driven price. This requires making low-carbon energy more affordable and achieving economies of scale for production, storage, distribution and dispensing systems. While some regions may have access to low-cost solar, wind or hydro power, in other areas, R&D breakthroughs will be required in advanced water-splitting methods, still under development, as well as continued advancements in storage and transport solutions.